Each day, millions of users turn to Google to find critic reviews on the web. Google wants to help users quickly find insightful critic reviews by aggregating snippets from top reviewers.
With your reviews displayed prominently in Google searches, your readers will be able to easily find your reviews, see helpful snippets from them, and navigate to your website to read the complete reviews. To make sure your reviews are surfacing in these features, _you must identify and summarize your reviews using structured data markup on your official website.
Providing review data
Google's approach to organizing critic reviews depends on finding markup the official website of each review provider. Human-readable reviews are not sufficient; instead, the website must include structured data about each review.
This document describes how to provide this structured data by adding HTML markup to your reviews.
Adding HTML review markup
Providing Google with information about your reviews is simple. Just add structured markup code to a page on your website where the review appears. The page can be any of the following:
- The website's home page
- A page linked from the home page that provides a list of available reviews
- A page that displays an individual review.
Google will collect review markup from all the pages it indexes on your site.
You can embed data in a web page using schema.org field names and the JSON-LD data format. JSON-LD is easy to produce with many widely available JSON encoders. The data, enclosed within the <script type="application/ld+json"> ... </script> tags as shown in the example below may be placed in either the <HEAD> or <BODY> region of the page. Either way, it won't affect how your document appears in users' web browsers.
Here's an example snippet of JSON-LD describing a review of the movie Gravity:
<script type="application/ld+json">
The complete list of fields Google uses for critic reviews is shown in the Specification below.
Other markup formats
Though we strongly recommend using JSON-LD, Google can also read schema.org fields embedded in a web page with the microdata or RDFa standards. For examples of microdata markup, see http://schema.org/Review.
Important: Test your markup!
Whichever format you choose, once you have edited your template to include the markup, you should test that Google can understand the reviews correctly.
To test your markup, submit the HTML source of your marked-up web page to Google's structured data testing tool. If the tool reports "No structured data present," then you likely have a syntax error such as a spurious comma. Otherwise, if the tool reports that any required fields are missing, please repair the data and try again.
Specification
Google understands structured markup using schema.org property names which are supported by all major search engines. All reviews should be defined in a schema.org/Review item.
Common properties
The following properties should be populated for all reviews, regardless of the review subject.
| Property | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
author (Required) | Person | Annotation for the author of the review. |
author.name (Required) | Text | Name of the author of the review.
|
author.sameAs | URL | URL to a page that unambiguously identified the author, e.g. the author's official website, a profile page, a Wikipedia article. |
datePublished (Required) | Date | Date of the review's first publication, in ISO 8601 format. |
inLanguage (Recommended) | Text | The BCP-47 language code of the review description, e.g. "ja" is Japanese. Strongly recommended for non-English reviews. |
description (Required) | Text | Snippet from the body of the actual review that captures the author's opinion about the review subject. This snippet will be used on the Google Search result page, as shown in the mocks above. All of the following criteria should be met, else the review will be excluded from the feature.
|
publisher (Required) | Organization | Annotation for the publisher of the review. |
publisher.name (Required) | Text | Name of the publisher of the review, e.g. "The New York Times". |
publisher.sameAs | URL | URL of the publisher's official website or Wikipedia page. |
reviewRating | Rating | Annotation for the score assigned to the item being reviewed. |
reviewRating.bestRating | Text | The highest value allowed in the reviewer's rating system. If this field is omitted, 5 is assumed. Letter grades are allowed, e.g. "A". |
reviewRating.worstRating | Text | The lowest value allowed in the reviewer's rating system. If this field is omitted, 1 is assumed. Letter grades are allowed, e.g. "C-". |
reviewRating.ratingValue | Text | The rating given to the reviewed item. Letter grades are allowed, e.g. "B+". |
aggregateRating | AggregateRating | Annotation for the average score assigned to the item being reviewed. This typically applies to user ratings rather than professional critic ratings. |
aggregateRating.bestRating | Text | The highest value allowed in the reviewer's rating system. If this field is omitted, 5 is assumed. Letter grades are allowed, e.g. "A". |
aggregateRating.worstRating | Text | The lowest value allowed in the reviewer's rating system. If this field is omitted, 1 is assumed. Letter grades are allowed, e.g. "C-". |
aggregateRating.ratingValue | Text | The average rating given to the reviewed item. Letter grades are allowed, e.g. "B+". |
aggregateRating.ratingCount | Numeric | The number of ratings given to the reviewed item. |
url | URL | Canonical URL of the web page that contains the full text of the review.
|
itemReviewed (Required) | Movie, Book,MusicAlbum | Annotation for the creative work being reviewed. See below for details of each type of creative work. |
Specific review types
In addition to the common properties described above, each review type has specific properties that must be defined.
Review.itemReviewed should be of type Movie and contain the following properties.| Property | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
itemReviewed.name (Required) | Text | Name of the movie that is the subject of the review. |
itemReviewed.sameAs(Required) | URL | URL to a page that unambiguously identifies the movie. URLs to the IMDB page, Wikipedia page, or official website are stongly preferred. |
itemReviewed.datePublished(Recommended) | Date | Original theatrical/direct-to-video release date of the movie, in ISO 8601 format. |
itemReviewed.director(Recommended) | Person | Annotation for the director of the movie. |
itemReviewed.director.name(Recommended) | Text | Name of the director. |
itemReviewed.director.sameAs(Recommended) | URL | URL to a page that unambiguously identifies the director. URLs to the IMDB page or Wikipedia page are strongly preferred. |
itemReviewed.actor | Person | Annotation(s) for main cast of the movie. |
itemReviewed.actor.name | Text | Name of the actor. |
itemReviewed.actor.sameAs | URL | URL to a page that unambiguously identifies the actor. URLs to the IMDB page or Wikipedia page are strongly preferred. |
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